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KMID : 0903619950360060943
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Journal of the Korean Society for Horticultural Science
1995 Volume.36 No. 6 p.943 ~ p.951
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Systematic Choice of Apple Orchard systems and the Related Training and Pruning Methods
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Abstract
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In view of the two decades of high-density apple culture in Japan and also on the basis of field studies on the conventional open-center trees and experimental trials with central-leader trees trained to be suited to the medium-density culture, the author has come to the conclusion that specific standards are needed for the evaluation of orchard systems for Japanese growers, different from those of Europe where the high-density system was originated. The principles in the new evaluating system presented are; various features of orchard management (e.g. adaptability to environmental conditions, establishment cost) vary in terms of their merit ratings in a continuous manner in proportion to or in inverse proportion to the increase in planting density. Any orchard system that has outstanding merits) is necessarily associated with conspicuous demerit(s). The selection of an orchard system should be made on the basis of the relative merit relations with the natural as well as the social and economic environments and also the grower´s pruning proficiency taken into consideration. The tree shape and the related training and pruning practices fundamentally follow a continuous change according to the increase in the planting distance. They are likewise affected by the cultivar/rootstock combination, the soil condition and other factors influencing tree vigor in a continuous manner. A new approach to the training and pruning studies is proposed based on $quot;the principle of continuous change.$quot;
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